Jawa is an island in Indonesia, and by the country's capital, Jakarta. The most densely populated island in the world. An area of 132,000 km 2 and a population of 127 million people. Most of the population of Java (93%) of their religion Islam. And about 2 to 3% of the island's population are Christians. The rest of them to other religions such as Buddhism.
Extends Jawa island from east to west at about 1000 km, from north to south about 200 km, and moving most of the rivers northward, and sail the ships in the rainy season, and heading the other part of the rivers to the east, such as the River Brantas Brantas and a length of about 314 km, and Solo Solo and a length of about 551 km , and used river water for watering is the president, and affecting currents in the Indian Ocean during the monsoon in the south-east where the traffic.
Extends into the center of the island from west to east, a series of volcanic mountains, and characterized by soil portions volcanic where fertility, and the longer these parts in areas of high population density, and the mountain ranges others are limestone, rising up Grove beaches of southern areas to 480 m approx.
The northern parts of the island is low and flat, and where many swamps, while the eastern parts where it docks with limestone. The spread in the southern parts of the plains of the southern shores of marshes and sand dunes and volcanic plains.
Abound volcanoes on the island of Java, wherein more than 100 volcano, including 35 active, have formed craters lakes because of heavy annual rainfall.
Climate
Varies average daily temperature in Jackrth between 19 and 35 degrees Celsius, up in the highlands (up to 600 m) below the freezing point, and humidity ranged between 75% and 90% in the plains and coastal areas.
Differs from precipitation on the island of Jawa in different regions and seasons, and is the month of January more months, moisture, and the month of August, the most driest, and begins northwest monsoon from December to March, and bring southerly winds of rain to the southern shores, from April until October.
Demography
Live on the island of Jawa, about three fifths Indonesian population, and more densely populated areas are Jackrth banner, with an average population density of about 12,000 inhabitants / km 2, the population was estimated at about 5 million people in 1815, and reached 92 million in 1997, almost. Most of the population live in rural areas, and increasing population density in the areas of the southern plains, where the advantage of soil fertility, and the density of up to 900 people / km 2 approximately, while rare population in the mountainous areas in the south-western coast.
The increasing number of residents of the cities of the island of Java, particularly since World War II, and the increasing number of residents Jackrth from 533 thousand in 1940 up to 1997, to about ten million people. It is the big cities: Semarang, Semarang and Surakarta and Sirakarth Jokjakrth Djokjakarta Bandung and Bandung.
It is ethnically, is a Javanese who live in the center and east of the island, about 70% of the population, speak Javanese, and most of them (about 96% of them) are Muslims, while most western Java understanding of Alsondaan Sundonnese, and they also have their own language different from the Javanese, and make up about 10 % -20%.
Bhasa language is Bahasa Indonesian official language, Malay and used by the various categories of the Indonesian people.
History
Archaeologists found on the island of Jawa, the remnants of a human being due to the prehistoric, named it «Java Man». And confirm inscriptions discovered in Javanese, that in the middle of the eighth century AD, some kingdoms on the island, and in 1294 the empire Mjabhit on the spice trade.
Muslims began to enter the island of Jawa in 1376 AD, and the spread of Islam through the coming of the Malay Peninsula, and had a clear impact development of trade in the arrival of Islam to them, and the spread of Islam in the entire island after the surrender of the Hindu kingdoms and their withdrawal to Bali.
In 1596, arrived in the Dutch island of Jawa, and took control of the entire island, and was affiliated to local rulers under its banner, and broke a dispute between the Dutch and the Chinese settlers in Java, continued until 1740, where I ordered the Dutch government to arrest the Chinese, which led to the alliance Dutch with Javanese to expel Chinese and burning their homes. In 1811, the British seized the island and ruled it, and then handed them over to the Dutch, Javanese and the revolution against the Dutch from 1825 to 1830
In the twentieth century, the seeds began to bloom Indonesian nationalism, and in 1908 established the first national organization on behalf of the body Utomo. In 1912, the foundations of the Islamic Union of traders before the Javanese Muslims. Japan invaded Southeast Asia in 1941, and destroyed the Dutch fleet in 1942 in the Jawa Sea and occupied, and then Bsukarno been recognized nationally for the Indonesian leader.
In 1945, Sukarno declared after the surrender of the Japanese, Indonesian independence, and continued the war of independence between the Dutch and Indonesians from the year 1945 to 1949, and was in the center of Java during the struggle for national sovereignty to be devolved to the Dutch in Indonesia from December 27, 1949.
Concentrated power in the central Indonesian island of Java after the government changed the constitution independent in August, 1950, and the country became one country is the Republic of Indonesia.
Economy
Agriculture on the island of Java is the main activity, and the rice comes at the forefront of agricultural crops, cultivated irrigated and non-quenched, and comes after the corn crop and then pistachios and soybeans. The crops that are grown on farms, include cocoa, cloves, coconut, rubber and tea.
And livestock on the island buffalo, cows, goats, horses and sheep. Topping print fabrics and hand-coded character Industrial dating back to previous centuries, in addition to the gold and silver industry, and the oil industry have evolved, and other industrial projects such as steel, cement and aircraft.
And attract landscapes and hot springs, beaches, gardens, animals and plants on the island of Java, tourists, and spread in Central Java temples and museums, library and centers for marketing in the big cities, such as Bandung, all help to attract tourists and promote tourism there.
Administrative Divisions
Java is divided into four provinces, and the District especially, in addition to the metropolitan area:
* Banten
* Jakarta
* West Jawa (Jawa Barat)
* Central Jawa
* East Jawa (Jawa Timor)
* Yogyakarta
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